Females and the New Deal - 665 Words

Females and the New Deal During the early half of the twentieth century, the United States went through a period of financial crisis which became known as the Great Depression. To get the country out of this depression, the federal government under the leadership of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt devised the New Deal. This program provided economic aid in the form of job creation and training, as well as financial aid by creating federal programs such as Social Security and by providing accountability for the national bank system. Many people were saved from starvation because of the opportunities they were given through the New Deal. This included new chances for women to move beyond their socially-dictated roles and become individuals outside their married lives. Before the Great Depression, there were limited job opportunities for women in the United States. Women were expected to get married and when they did, to give up their jobs if they had them and to conform to the social norms of the proper domestic American wife. Husbands were the head of the household and thus the breadwinners. Originally when the New Deal departments were created the government reinforced these gender stereotypes (Ware 1987). If a woman was married, she was barred from participating in the New Deal, even if she was dealing with a husband who could not or would not work. The preconceived notion was that women did not need to work if they had a husband, an idea which was shown to beShow MoreRelatedLaw Enforcement Should Be Legal859 Words   |  4 Pagesvictim got what they deserved by dress, action or history. It is now know that each victim is different and everyone will have a different way that they will deal or respond to this type of crime. This is why most departments have specialized sex crime units that deal specifically with this type of crime. They are specifically trained to deal not only with the crime scene portion, the victim’s body as a crime scene but the victim themselves and the emotional side. As a chief and or lead detectiveRead MoreOnline Users Alter Their Identity Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Users Alter Their Identity The online forum deals many prospects for individuals to discover their distinctiveness. In certain conditions, text centered communication forums permits users to show them in a way that cannot be probable in physical situations. There are two such online groups, whom work textually in genuine Multi User Dungeons (MUD’s) and Internet Relay Chat (IRC). MUDs are computer-generated truth, acting environments where user generates their own atmosphere by picking theirRead MoreSexual Education And Teen Pregnancy1238 Words   |  5 PagesSexual education need to be inforce more properly because it is causing a rapid growth in teen pregnancy and STD’S. Teen pregnancy is a female under the age of 20. Teen pregnancy is found more common between the ages of 13-18 years of age. Today there is over 250,000 teen mothers in the United States. The main reason for teen pregnancy is because of lack of sexual education, lack of safe sex, lack of support from the parents or guardians, lack of protection, and lack using of birth control. SexualRead MoreSerena Williams, The French Open Final Saturday Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagespast 12 months. That makes her the world’s highest-paid female athlete over that span, unseating Maria Sharapova, who had held the title the past 11 years. US player Serena Williams returns the ball to Netherlands Kiki Bertens during their women s semi-final match at the Roland Garros 2016 French Tennis Open in Paris on June 3, 2016. A drug suspension dinged Sharapova’s earnings, but Williams was likely to grab the title of top-paid female athlete even with Sharapova not sidelined. Williams, 34Read MoreEssay on Mtvs 16 Pregnant Glorifies Teen Pregnancy1582 Words   |  7 Pagesteen shows Dawson’s Creek and Laguna Beach), the show â€Å"16 Pregnant† has been said to be guilty of exacerbating, normalizing and even glorifying teen pregnancy. Perhaps, it’s just reflecting a current social dilemma occurring amongst female youth. Each week a new episode revolves around a different girl struggling with the challenges of teenage pregnancy. The network presents these characters as â€Å"real†, plucked from the grips of reality, validated and â€Å"chosen† to represent some sort of normalizedRead More Men and Women in Non-Traditional Sports Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesto break into a non-traditional sport would obviously be trying on the athlete, who would have to face the q uestioning and criticisms of media, fans, and even their fellow athletes. But one athlete’s determination and persistence can open up a whole new world to both athletes and spectators. In the early 1900s, women did not participate much in figure skating competitions, partly because of the fact that they had to wear long, movement-hindering skirts. But some women did fight to participate. EventuallyRead MoreOutline and Assess Feminist Views of Crme and Deviance.1146 Words   |  5 Pagesof males and females. Oakley argues that males are socialised to be aggressive, self-seeking and individualistic, which can therefore lead to them taking more risks and committing criminal acts. For example, if a boy is socialised into an aggressive role then he might express this through domestic violence against his partner when he is older. In the same way, a self-seeking male will do anything to satisfy his needs, which may explain male rape against women. Oakley states that females, however, areRead MoreOld Spice Meeting Advertisement842 Words   |  4 PagesThe Old Spice Meeting Ad advertises a new men hair care line. The setting of the advertisement is in a meeting room wher e a presentation is being given. In the meeting room there is only one female. Everyone excluding the female and the male who has used Old Spice’s products is paying attention to the person giving the presentation. The one male and female are flirting with each other. The hair of the male catches the attention of the woman so much that it wins him the woman’s number. All of OldRead MoreWhy Studying in an All-Female College is a Bad Idea Essays721 Words   |  3 PagesI got the chance to select an American college to study my civil engineering major. I had the option to choose from a diverse list of one hundred colleges, on which female colleges were included. Once I told my advisor I was interested on leadership and engineering she promptly specified I should apply to a specific female college. It looked interesting, I got amazed by the fact women were being scientists and great thinkers without the help of males. That situation was the opposite from my countriesRead MoreThe Internal Conflict in I Used to Live Here Once by Jean Rhys804 Words   |  3 Pagesher death and that she is already in the afterlife. The conflict in the short story is also very intriguing because this is more of an internal conflict that the female character has to deal with. The conflict undeniably in the short story is all about the internal conflict between the female character and herself. Obviously the female character is already a spirit and she is having a hard time accepting that she is already dead. She visits the place that she used to call home but she notices that

Obesity And Its Effect On Health - 1217 Words

Over the last few decades, obesity has become a worldwide concern due to its continuously increasing prevalence (1). Especially in Australia, more than 60% of adults, 25% of children are overweight or obese (2). Beyond its potential adverse effect on health outcome and relationship to chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart diseaseï ¼Å'obesity also influences people’s quality of life (3). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), on the other hand, were frequently referred by scientific literature and public media due its high consumption and possible contribution to overweight and obesity. SSBs are defined as sweetened beverages that do not contain artificial sweeteners, such as sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, including soft drinks, fruit flavoured drinks, cordials, sports drinks, energy drinks and vitamin water drinks (4). According to the result of 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS), Australia is the top 10 hi ghest SSB consumption countries by calculating the per capita consumption of SSB(4). Systematic reviews revealed that findings from large cross-sectional studies, in conjunction with those from well-powered prospective cohort studies with long periods of follow-up have consistently suggested that SSB significantly contributed to obesity epidemics (5, 6) . Evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) also found increasing SSB intake contributed to significant weight gain (7). However, the underlyingShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Obesity On The Health834 Words   |  4 Pageswomen’s health topics that can affect all generations of female patients. As future providers, it will be important to identify important women health issues that can possibly be prevented, or the risk of developing the condition reduced with education, health promotion, and wellness for the patient. The patient may need encouragement, a listening ear, or time spent with them to develop a goals and a plan for health promotion. A women’s health topic that is well known is the negativ e effect of obesityRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Health1393 Words   |  6 Pagesharmfully effect health is defined as obesity (Royal College of Physicians, 1998). Obesity is a developing condition within the population that already affects 1 in 4 adults in England (NICE, 2006). Internationally, being overweight is linked to a range of harmful health problems such as diabetes and heart disease. Obesity can be explained through the use of the nature-nurture debate, as it can be caused by both elements. In this essay, examples and facts will be discussed which show that obesity is aRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Health And Health937 Words   |  4 PagesFactors (E.G., Financial Resources, Access to Care, Insured/Uninsured, Medicare/Medicaid) That Contribute to a Patient Being Able to Manage the Selected Disease Information about obesity is bountiful; however, access to professional healthcare is limited. Traditionally, wealthy families have more time to devote to their health and beauty. They can hire personal dietitians, chiefs, trainers, and medical clinicians, who develop specialized activity plans, and recommend and prepare organic, low-calorieRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children Health1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Obesity on Children Health Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Childhood obesity has been problem in developed as well as in developing countries. As Cause, it is accepted that increase in obesity results from an imbalance between abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to burn calorie. There is increasingRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The Health Field932 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Etiologies During the last few centuries, humans’ lives have witnessed a lot of development in various fields. As a result, the change in these fields was reflected on the way humans live their life. One of these fields is health field. Health field had been developing at a miraculous rate. Up until recently, Obesity was regarded to be an overweight; nevertheless, American Medical Association deliberated that Obesity is a chronic disease as a consequence of detrimental life style,Read MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Health Organization905 Words   |  4 PagesBeing out of the healthy weight range is called obesity or overweight, which according to The World Health Organization, WHO, (2010 ) is measured by body mass index (BMI), which is the weight of the body over the height squared. People who have a BMI over 25 kg/m^(-2) are considered overweight, while people who have a BMI over 30 kg/m^(-2) are considered obese. Obesity can be the main cause of many cardiovascular disease s. This severe issue can be caused by many factors, and even though thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Public Health1917 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Obesity is a traditionally first world health problem that is a growing concern throughout the world because of its negative effects on public health as well as the wider economy. According to both the WHO and the NHS, an individual’s Body Mass Index (BMI), is an imperfect, yet effective tool for measuring obesity. The WHO definition has determined that a BMI of 25-29.9 is classified as being overweight, whereas a BMI of 30-34.9 is considered to be a sign of obesity (World Health OrganizationRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Levels Of Health1008 Words   |  5 PagesTaylor Harkness 1/12/16 Mr. Balhorn’s Class Individual physical education is important on many levels of health. Being fit can have many positive outcomes in life. Two of these are decreasing risks of being ill, and the ability to get around and move easier. In our society today, physical fitness is becoming more and more rare, causing obesity and more health problems in the world. Obesity is one of the main causes for death in the United States of America. Creating eating and exercising habitsRead MoreAdult Obesity And Its Effects On Our Health958 Words   |  4 Pagesneed for a healthier lifestyle due to the growing obesity in the U.S, but what should we be eating? We classify eating fast food as unhealthy and being lazy, while simultaneously failing to realize it’s all low income families can afford. Therefore government regulation on what we eat is the last thing the U.S needs, we should be focusing on why it is race and status have a heavy influence on our health. Childhood obesity often leads to adult obesity,which is linked to serious conditions and diseasesRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Health And Illness983 Words   |  4 Pageslifestyles. Obesity appears to be more prevalent in low-income family sectors of American society regardless of the type of community. Diet is one of the most significant contributors to health and illness. It is widely known and accepted that excessive intake of certain nutrients, or lack of nutrients can adversely affects health. Research mentioned that the importance to be aware of the dietary practices of members of the family with which we are teaching to recognize potential threats to health and to

An Author and His Work A Kid in King Arthers Court Essay Example For Students

An Author and His Work: A Kid in King Arthers Court Essay Research Term Paper An Author and His Work Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens to John Marshal Clemens and Jane Lampton Clemens. He was born on November 30, 1835 in a small city called Florida, Missouri, which had a population of one hundred people. I increased the population by one percent, he said. It is more than many of the best men in history could have done for a townà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Cox, 7 Samuel, however did not live most of his life in Florida, but moved around throughout his life. His family moved to Hannibal, MO when he was four years old and that was where he went to school. For the reason that there were no public schools in Hannibal at the time, Sam was sent to a private school taught by Mrs. Horr. He had to leave this school at twelve years of age when his father died. There wasnt much money left to support the Clemens after John Clemens died so Sam was forced to be apprenticed to Joseph Ament. Ament owned a print shop and a newspaper called Hannibal Courier. Here was where Sam would cut the last strings connecting him to his childhood and become much of an adult. The apprenticeship led Samuel to fame and fortune in the future and opened his eyes to the world of literature. Cox, 23 The death of Samuels father had a strong effect on him. Although he wasnt very close to John, Sam felt guilt that he hadnt been a better son to his father and promised his mother at the side of Johns body not to brake her heart and to be a better boy. Cox, 23 His time spent in Aments shop was not paid, but he was fed and clothed. He learned to set type and sometimes worked as reporter or assistant editor. Clemens found a great interest in reading during this time and he truly read everything he could get his hands on. He also began enjoying reading a large amount of history. Being brought up in a family of slaveholders, Clemens experienced a lot of brutality and injustice toward slaves. He was taught that it was completely normal and legal for white men to kill niggers over an awkwardly done job and he didnt argue. However, as a little boy, he felt inside that what his father did was wrong and immoral. Many incidents and adventures with slaves that young Sam witnessed wound up in his books decades later. Clemens left Aments shop and went to work with Orion, his older brother, in 1851. His brother offered to pay three and a half-dollars a week but money never seemed to be around. Orion owned a newspaper called the Hannibal Journal and he hired both Sam and his younger brother Henry to be typesetters. However, Sam did more than typeset for Orion. He also wrote for the Journal occasionally. Usually he wrote humorous sketches, but sometimes he also wrote satirical stories, local news reports, and poetry. Samuel first used the pen name Mark Twain for his letters published in the Virginia City, Territorial Enterprise in 1863. Mark Twain is a steamboaters term meaning 2 fathoms or 12 feet of water. Samuels childhood was probably where many of his ideas and stories all originated. He used his adventures as a boy in many novels, such as Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, Life on the Mississippi, and many others. There was an adventure everyday during his life in Hannibal and his friends were just as mischievous as Sam was. The novel A Yankee in King Arthurs Court was strongly influenced by Mark Twains life. It showed the battle that was happening inside Twain between his different feelings for slavery. It also showed Marks hate towards any sort of authority. Cox, 169 This was probably provoked by his early days with his slaveholding family. He saw many times as a child what authority could do to innocent souls and it stayed in his heart for many decades. The Civil War broke out in 1861 and Samuel Clemens decided to side with the Confederacy unlike his whole family. He joined a volunteering unit and fought with the Marion Rangers for some time. Most of this time the small unit was retreating and Sam said, I could have become a soldier myself, if I had waited, I had got part of it learned, I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. Cox, 49 During his life, Mark Twain always had some trouble financially. The Monkey's Paw EssayWhen the king goes with Hank to explore his kingdom in disguise, he is captured and sold as a slave. Twain uses this to show that a king is just as good as any slave and that the only thing that separates him from a slave is his title. He says in his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there is nothing diviner about a king than there is about a tramp, after all. He is just a cheap and hollow artificiality when you do not know he is a king. But reveal his quality, and dear me it takes your very breath away to look at him. The major theme of this novel is the authority and aristocracy issue, but there are other small themes hidden under Twains humor. One such theme is the theme of work. Twain discusses work and pay in this statement The law of work does seem utterly unfair but there it is: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the higher the pay in enjoyment the worker gets out of it, the higher shall be his pay in cash also. The characters in this book were introduced and described through their actions and through dialogue. The main character, Hank Morgan, was almost absolutely a believable character. Only a couple of his traits wouldnt be very believable. One being that he didnt go crazy as soon as he found out what had happened. If he was a real person, I dont think he would just accept the fact that he was in the sixth century so quickly. I think that his other traits were pretty much acceptable. He had normal human being traits like being panicky and he wasnt all good or all evil. There were parts of him that werent angel-like. For example, he never just proved somebody wrong; he always had to make the person feel low and defeated. The other characters, like Sandy and King Arthur, werent really believable. Compared to what is considered normal now, they were actually not realistic at all. However, the story takes place in the sixth century where the characters would be more realistic than if compared to what is considered normal now. Despite the fact that it was sixth century, I still wouldnt be able to imagine real people being like King Arthur or Sandy. They were stereotypical just like all the knights, Merlin, Clarence, and the other characters. This novel wasnt biographical at all. It showed Twains view on certain issues, but it did not describe Twains life. The only thing that might have been at all autobiographical, was the fact that Hank Morgan didnt fit in with his surroundings and was trying to change everything around him. Maybe Twain felt that he was surrounded by people who couldnt understand him. Maybe he only felt secure with several of his friends just like Hank thought only certain men were worthy in the sixth century. Hank Morgan was finally returned to the nineteenth century after war broke out in Camelot. During that war, nineteenth century science and fifty-four young men stood against all of Englands knights and won a flawless victory. Hank was injured and Merlin cast a spell on him that brought him back to nineteenth century. Twains purpose in writing this novel was to show the contrast between the sixth and nineteenth centuries and to show the reader that similar problems exist in both these times. He also brought up some very serious social issues in a humorous way. This novel is truly a work of genius. I enjoyed reading the book a lot. It was exciting and humorous and the plot was really amusing. I especially admired the way Twain wrote the same things that wouldnt be interesting if they werent written the way they were. The way Twain described how Hank was uncomfortable in the armor was an example of how as simple a matter as that can be written so that it sounds interesting and amusing. The way Twain put humor into sixth century economy when talking to Dowley about wages was also excellent. He showed how ignorant the sixth century men were concerning economy. To them, the higher the wages, the better, and it doesnt matter what the prices are. No matter how hard Hank tried to show that if prices are high, then wages mean nothing, Dowley couldnt understand.

The Perfect Vacation Essay Example For Students

The Perfect Vacation Essay With my ticket in hand, I waited anxiously in line to enter the park. My friends and I stepped inside, and I saw the enormous globe with the words Universal Studios   slowly moving around it. I had never been so excited in my life. As Payton, Dylan, and I walked around, I remember my senses being flooded. The ear-splitting roar of the roller coasters zooming past overhead, the smells of churros and salted pretzels permeating the air, and what seemed like thousands of people covering every inch of the park enhanced the whole experience. Continuing to walk through the theme park, I started to realize just how many roller coasters were actually there, and we made sure to ride every single ride available. Overwhelming my senses and the adrenaline-charged thrill rides made my trip to Universal Studios the best I had ever had. The first roller coaster we decided to ride was the Hulk, which ended up being my favorite. We stood in line for nearly an hour. We were sweating profusely, and could barely hear ourselves think over the hundreds of other people speaking. We will write a custom essay on The Perfect Vacation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As we got closer and closer, the screams of the children as the ride started to take off set our hearts racing. Finally, we were sitting in the front row of the cart as the crew started to count down the take-off. They all chanted simultaneously, Three, two, one, go  ! We were immediately going sixty miles per hour in a matter of seconds. Throwing our hands into the air, we screamed like banshees as we started zipping around sharp turns and going through loopty-loops. Getting off of the ride was a relief; we were finally able to catch our breaths and talk about how awesome the ride was. My next favorite part about the park was how astounding the Wizarding World of Harry Potter   was. There was a castle on the hill that was an exact replica of Hogwarts from Harry Potter. Actors everywhere were dressed up as the characters from the movies; they went around the park reenacting scenes and singing songs. There was an amazing sweet smell of honey root beer as we walked our way up to the castle. When we arrived at the castle and stepped inside, I was filled with awe; just like in the movies, all of the staircases moved and the portraits talked to the people passing by. The entire scene was remarkable. While we were there, we virtually played quiditch which was by far the most fun I had there. This trip had been the most fun I had had since I went to Disney World in the fifth grade. I loved riding all of the thrill rides and walking through all of the different aspects of the park. Also, seeing all the enormous groups of people, smelling all of the different foods, and hearing all of the exciting sounds of the roller coasters, blaring music, and laughter all around helped heighten the trips overall experience. This trip had been the best trip of my life and I cannot wait to return.

Sundance movies to watch for

Sundance movies to watch for 15 Sundance movies students are looking forward to 2017 Sundance Film Festival offers a great variety of exciting movies. You will be able to choose something really interesting for yourself among different comedies, documentaries, dramas, ghost stories, and biopics. Call Me by Your Name (Luca Guadagnino) This new Guadagnino`s film is really gorgeous, passionate and warm. It is a romance between a seventeen year-old American-Italian boy and a summer guest at his parents` mansion, which is situated on the Italian Riviera. This magical summer will change their lives for good. Guadagnimo tries to feel his characters out without touching them. Call Me by Your Name was acquired by Sony Pictures Classics and is awaiting a release date. The Big Sick (Michael Showalter) The Big Sick is definitely a comedy that people are looking forward to. It is very interesting, that the writers of the screenplay, Kumail Nanjiani and Emily V. Gordon, based this story on their own relationship. It is a story about how a Pakistani-American stand-up comedian and an American woman deal together with their cultural differences in order to make their relationship grow. The Big Sick was acquired by Amazon and is awaiting a release date. Wind River (Taylor Sheridan) Wind River is a serious-minded film about the murder investigation in the Native American reservation. The main characters get into the place, where the laws of nature eclipse the rules of law. Taylor Sheridan pays attention to every detail, from the weather to the predators, shows the astonishing sense of place with its imposing wilderness. Wind River is awaiting acquisition. Quest (Jonathan Olshefski) It is definitely the most touching documentary you have ever seen. It is a non-romantic true love story between a humble teacher and a 12 year old graffiti addict. It is about an unexpected turn, the life of a family can take. It is about the tragedy, which hit the family and ruined all their plans. This film is awaiting distribution. Landline (Gillian Robespierre) Landline is a wonderful, wise and witty comedy about a family living in the 1990`s. It is full of secrets and touching moments, when everybody desperately tries to do the things right. It is about the tenderness and the endless truth. The story tells about a teenager, who lives with her parents and sister in Manhattan. One day she finds out, that her father has an affair with another woman. Landline was acquired by Amazon and is awaiting a release date. Columbus (Kogonada) Columbus tells you a story about two young people, who take care of their ill parents instead of pursuing their own dreams. His father is in a come and her mother is a recovering addict. They are completely from the opposite sides of the world, but the potential loss of their parents unites them to go ahead. Columbus is awaiting acquisition. A Ghost Story (David Lowery) A Ghost Story is an eerie, playful, inventive supernatural tale about longing, grief, and love. It is a story of a ghost and the house he haunts. David Lowery explores the inexpressible relationship between people and the meaning they give to the places they live and value. This film impresses with its inventive story and the producer`s delicate touch. A Ghost Story was acquired by A24 and is awaiting a release date. Mudbound (Dee Rees) It is an epic and extraordinary drama about the unending struggle against and for the land, heritage, and friendship. This story is about two families after the World War II, which should deal with racism and barbaric social hierarchy in Mississippi. They simultaneously fight the battle abroad and the battle at home. The combination of gorgeous cinematography and poetic voiceover is really impressive. Mudbound is awaiting distribution. Ingrid Goes West (Matt Spicer) Ingrid Goes West is a comedy about a mentally disturbed young woman, who is obsesses with Instagram celebrities. She falls in love with one of them and decides to befriend him. From that moment, her behavior is increasingly dangerous and unsettling. This film is full of dishy details, thoughtfulness and great performances. Ingrid Goes West was acquired by Neon and is awaiting a release date. Strong Island (Yance Ford) Strong Island is a documentary, in which Yance Ford explores the death of her brother, which changed her life for good. William Ford was shot by a mechanic after an argument between them. She wants to figure out what happened and why the murderer was allowed to go free. She describes how this tragedy affected her. Strong Island is awaiting distribution. To the Bone (Marti Noxon) To the Bone is a smart and strong movie about choosing to live no matter what. It is about the young woman, who deals with anorexia and is desperate. Her life changes, when she meets an unconventional doctor, who challenges her and return her the desire to live and embrace life. She struggles with disordered eating with other patients. To the Bone was acquired by Netflix and is awaiting a release date. Patti Cake$ (Geremy Jasper) Patti Cake$ is a pleasing movie about a North Jersey girl, who is an aspiring rapper and wants to make all her dreams about the superstardom come true. She is stuck in Lodi, fighting with everybody, who hates her. It is a story of a funky talent and big dreams. Patti Cake$ was acquired by Fox Searchlight and is awaiting a release date. Tell Them We Are Rising: The Story of Black Colleges and Universities (Stanley Nelson) Stanley Nelson created a well-researched and fascinating documentary about the evolution of the United States` black colleges and universities. Their story is told for the first time. It is about their triumphs and challenges. These colleges and universities educated and brought up the leaders of the freedom movements. This movie aims at educating the people. Tell Them We Are Rising will air on PBS later this year as part of the network`s Independent Lens series. Thoroughbred (Cory Finley) Thoroughbred is a movie that hides the ugly side behind its beauty. This story is about two teenage girls, who rekindle their friendship after years of growing apart. Their lifestyles are opulent, but one day they decide, that a murder can solve some of their problems. Thoroughbred was acquired by Focus Features and is awaiting a release date. The Force (Peter Nicks) The Force is a documentary about the controversial Oakland Police Department`s misconduct. The officers struggle to rebuild trust in one of America`s most violent cities. Their situation is extremely complicated and solutions can be wildly complex. The Force is awaiting acquisition.

Where the Red Fern Grows Quotes

'Where the Red Fern Grows' Quotes Where the Red Fern Grows is a famous work by Wilson Rawls. The novel is a coming of age story. It follows the protagonist Billy as he saves up for and trains two coonhounds. They have many adventures while hunting in the Ozarks. The book is however probably best known for its tragic ending. Quotes from the Novel Its strange indeed how memories can lie dormant in a mans mind for so many years. Yet those memories can be awakened and brought forth fresh and new, just by something youve seen, or something youve heard, or the sight of an old familiar face.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 1 Lying back in the soft hay, I folded my hands behind my head, closed my eyes, and let my mind wander back over the two long years. I thought of the fishermen, the blackberry patches, and the huckleberry hills. I thought of the prayer I had said when I asked God to help me get two hound pups. I knew He had surely helped, for He had given me the heart, courage, and determination.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 3 I wanted so much to step over and pick them up. Several times I tried to move my feet, but they seemed to be nailed to the floor. I knew the pups were mine, all mine, yet I couldnt move. My heart started aching like a drunk grasshopper. I tried to swallow and couldnt. My Adams apple wouldnt work. One pup started my way. I held my breath. On he came until I felt a scratchy little foot on mine. The other pup followed. A warm puppy tongue caressed my sore foot. I heard the station master say, They already know you. I knelt down and gathered them in my arms. I buried my face between their wiggling bodies and cried.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 5 I had a time with this part of their training, but my persistence had no bounds.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 7 Although they couldnt talk in my terms, they had a language of their own that was easy to understand. Sometimes I would see the answer in their eyes, and again it would be in the friendly wagging of their tails. Other times I could hear the answer in a low whine or feel it in the soft caress of a warm flicking tongue. In some way, they would always answer.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 7 I thought about that, Papa, I said, but I made a bargain with my dogs. I told them that if they would put one in a tree, Id do the rest. Well, they fulfilled their part of the bargain. Now its up to me to do my part, and Im going to, Papa. Im going to cut it down. I dont care if it takes me a year.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 8 I always took their kidding with a smile on my face, but it made my blood boil like the water in Mamas teakettle.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 10 I opened my mouth to call Old Dan. I wanted to tell him to come on and wed go home as there was nothing we could do. The words just wouldnt come out. I couldnt utter a sound.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 11 I told them I wasnt giving up until my dogs did.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 12 As I sat there on the limb, looking at the old fellow, he cried again. Something came over me. I didnt want to kill him. I hollered down and told Rubin I didnt want to kill the ghost coon. He hollered back, Are you crazy? I told him I wasnt crazy. I just didnt want to kill him. I climbed down. Rubin was mad. He said, Whats the matter with you? Nothing, I told him. I just dont have the heart to kill the coon.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 13 As I skipped along, it was hard for me to realize all the wonderful things that had happened to me in such a few short years. I had two of the finest little hounds that ever bawled on the trail of a ringtail coon. I had a wonderful mother and father and three little sisters. I had the best grandpa a boy ever had, and to top it all, I was going on a championship coon hunt. It was no wonder that my heart was bursting with happiness. Wasnt I the luckiest boy in the world?- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 14 As graceful as any queen, with her head high in the air, and her long red tail arched in a perfect rainbow, my little dog walked down the table. With her warm gray eyes staring straight at me, on she came. Walking up to me, she laid her head on my shoulder. As I put my arms around her, the crowd exploded.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 15 Regardless of all the discouraging talk, the love and belief I had in my little red hounds never faltered. I could see them now and then, leaping over old logs, tearing through the underbrush, sniffing and searching for the lost trail. My heart swelled with pride. I whooped, urging them on.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 16 Ive been out in storms like this before, all by myself. Ive never left my dogs in the woods, and Im not going to now, even if I have to look for them myself.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 17 Men, said Mr. Kyle, people have been trying to understand dogs ever since the beginning of time. One never knows what theyll do. You can read every day where a dog saved the life of a drowning child, or lay down his life for his master. Some people call this loyalty. I dont. I may be wrong, but I call it lovethe deepest kind of love.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 18 I knelt down and put my arms around them. I knew that if it hadnt been for their loyalty and unselfish courage I would have probably been killed by the slashing claws of the devil cat. I dont know how Ill ever pay you back for what youve done, I said, but Ill never forget it.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 19 Im sure the red fern has grown and has completely covered the two little mounds. I know it is still there, hiding its secret beneath those long, red leaves, but it wouldnt be hidden from me for part of my life is buried there too. Yes, I know it is still there, for in my heart I believe the legend of the sacred red fern.- Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows, Ch. 20

Ethics exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics exam - Essay Example n technology today have been beneficial, but it has also held its disadvantages as well as such advances have been made by the use of establishments such as factories and processing plants which have also been responsible for playing a large role in the pollution of the environment. To right this wrong the society cannot depend on the government alone as this will be too big a task to be handled by one institution and thus they will require the cooperation and help of every individual involved. It should be noted that one cannot easily thrive in a harsh environment and thus it can be said that the progress and achievement that has been realized by the society has been due partly to the environment and resources that it has had to offer. Knowing this it would not be right for the human population to then turn around and continue to indulge in activities that they are aware are affecting the environment in a negative manner. As a means of showing our appreciation, it should be every individual’s responsibility to take it upon themselves to play a part in cleaning up the environment no matter how small a role one might perceive it to be (De La Torre, 2004). Knowing that the environment is being destroyed and doing nothing about it equates to destroying the environment and thus it should be noted that one should not consider themselves innocent just because they are not involved in the pollution activities that are happening around them. The environment was also given to the human race by the Lord, and while doing so he put us in charge of its care and thus it is our responsibility. Just as one would not sit back and watch their child die we should not be unmoved by the plight of the environment (Pope Leo, 1890). Taking care of the environment will benefit every individual in the after all so the task should not be taken up by a few people, but by every single person present in the world. The alternatives at our disposal, as opposed to taking care of the

Health Policy and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Policy and Politics - Essay Example These are remarkable benefits surfacing the prevailing health care reform program of the government. However, amidst all of these good promises, there still remain rumors and continuing negative feedbacks about this program. This leaves a place to reconsider this issue. The Congressional Budget Office projected that the deficit under health care budget is said to reduce in the years to come. In fact, the projection is for each family to save maximum of $2,300 in 2014 with health care reform (Whitehouse.gov, 2011). This amount could hardly be achieved without health care reform program as indicated in the projection. There might be some truth to this. However, there are other essential environmental factors that need to be taken into account. Considering for instance the unpredictability of the economy, the costs of medicines and other related medical needs cannot be projected at some point. This only implies that the said reform needs to adhere to the prevailing economic condition and other relevant environmental factors prior to the realization of what affordability really means to people. It is true that with health care reform program the expansion of coverage is remarkable compared to the traditional health care system. In fact, young adults can now actually stay on their parents’ health insurance plan (Whitehouse.gov, 2011). This sounds good to hear, but there are other considerations when it comes to the bottom line. Insurers for instance do not just operate without taking into account how much profit they should make. Considering the dependents are increasing, there are only two remarkable impacts on this. The first is to increase member contribution and the other would be to put certain limit on the coverage or even cut something on the quality. This can still provide the benefits but the issue is about maximizing them. The people always have the final say on

Twilight in delhi Essay Example for Free

Twilight in delhi Essay The term Absurd is essentiallyimpregnated with various human conditionsand situations arousing absurdity and is necessarily present in the post world war generation. Life has become bitter sweet or „life in death and death in life? to the coming generation. This human predicament sprouted its spears during 1920s, developed during 1940s and perpetuated in the later world. This very notion wasenchanted, transported and sometimes devastated by the intellectualsof this world such as T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats, Existentialists, Expressionists, Surrealists, and Absurdists of the 20th century. And Waiting for Godot is central sun round whom all the absurdist notionsmove. Ittranscendentstime and hasthe cosmicsignificance even after 60 years ofits publication. Itinsinuates modernismand perpetuates postmodernismthatisnothing but â€Å"too much with us; late and soon, getting and spending, we lay waste our lives before it. † Really in the midsty of then terminologicalmayhem, Absurd is best identified withWaiting for Godot with its sense of nothingness in life. Lapis Lazuli -An International Literary Journal (LLILJ) 29 Key words: Absurd, Existentialism, Surrealism, and Post modernism. ThetermAbsurd is essentiallyimpregnated withvarioushumanconditions and situations arousingabsurdityand is necessarily present inthe postworld wargeneration. Lifehas become bitter sweet or„lifein death and deathinlife? to the coming generation. This human predicament sprouted itsspears during 1920s, developed during 1940s and perpetuated inthe laterworld. This verynotionwasenchanted, transported and sometimes devastated bythe intellectualsof this world. Ontheone hand T. S. Eliotbeautifully mirrored theinnerabsurdityofthemodernworld in his magnum-opus The waste land (1921), and Samuel Beckett in his master piece Waiting for Godot (1955), on the other. Superficially Abusrd means ridiculous, but literally it means „Sense having nonsense? or „having everything hath nothing?. That is considered absurd is actually anti- traditional andavant-garde,henceis ridiculed. But originally itssignificancelies in itscrude reality. WhenEliotrepents for spiritual sterility in themodernworld, which isfulloffuryand mire, Absurd dramatists were preparing a suitable platform to expose the absurdity of modern man? s life. Absurd dramatistsevenopted the absurd formto expose theabsurdityinits mosteffectiveway. Thisincludesthewriters ofbothdramaand prose fiction;and themostsignificantofthemare French Jean Genet and Eugene Ionesco, Irish Samuel Beckett, English Harold Pinter, American Edward Albee and others. Both mood and dramaturgyofabsurditywere anticipated intheir works. Theywere also supported byfewothermovementslike expressionism, and surrealism, alongwith fewotherforcefulworks ofFranz Kafka (TheTrial, Metamorphosis). Thiscurrent movementemerged inFrance after the world was second, asa rebellionagainstessentialbeliefs and values oftraditional culture and traditionalliterature, whichhad the belief that-„What a piece of work is a man? How noble in reason, how infinite in faculty! In form and moving how expressand admirable! In apprehensionhowlike a God! The beauty ofthe world! The paragon of animals?. (Hamlet: 47) Theorizing the Absurd: Waiting for Godot SixtyYears After 30 But afterthe 1940s existentialist philosophy byJean- Paul Sartre Ablert Camus opined human being as an isolated existant, cast into an alien universe, having a fruitless search for purpose and meaning and proceedingtowardsnothingness. They believe that:- Its an odd world Full of allthings absurd Most ofit obscure Unseen and unheard. (Brainy Quotes) Thisvery absurdityhas been beautifully penned byAlbert Camus in his â€Å"TheMythof Sisyphus? (1942) as â€Å"Ina universe thatis suddenly deprived ofillusions and oflight, manfeels stranger. Hisis anirremediable exile This diovrce between man and hislife, the actor and his setting; truly constitutes the feeling of absurdity. † (13) and as EugeneIonesco added fire to the fuel by statingthat- â€Å" Cut off from his religious, metaphysical, and transcendental roots, man is lost, all his actions become senseless, abusrd and useless†. (A Glossary of the Literary Terms: 1) Thisvery notionseemssimilartothefollowing lines byS. T. Coleridge,ofhisfamousballad Rime of the Ancient Mariner. â€Å"Water-water every where Not a drop to drink†. (Coleridge: 14) SamuelBeckett(1906-89), the mostcelebrated author ofthisvein, isanIrishauthor, writing inFrenchand thentranslating hisownworks into English. His beginning lies inthe breakdown of traditional values. His prominent and dominent theme, hence is man? s alienation and search forself;which is the prevailing mode of modernman? slife. His works showthe dusk ofmodernismand dawnofpost-modernismand so washonored withNobelPrize for Literature Lapis Lazuli -An International Literary Journal (LLILJ) 31 in1969. As we bid adieuto onestar, we welcome the other ata transitionalpoint, in the same way the publication of Waiting for Godot in 1955, was the appreciated transitional presence on the stage, which bid adieu to themodernism and welcomed post-modernism. ThetermPostmodernism designates „ too muchwith us; late and soon,getting and spending, we laywaste ourlives before it.? Thefounder of this termis Charles Jencks, buthas beenbeautifully defined by Dick Hebdige in Hiding in the Light as: The collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post- War generation of babyboomers confronting disillusioned middle age, the „predicament? of reflexivity†¦ the collapse of cultural hierarchies, the dread engendered by the threat of nuclear self-destruction†¦ a sense (developing onwho youread)of„ placelessness? or theabandonmentofplacelessness(criticalregionalism). Waiting for Godot beautifully designates all these paraphernalia of postmodernism through a vague and nebulous word as well as term of terminological mayhem „absurd?. The play has proliferated at anexceptionalrate overthe lastsixtyyears becauseitdealswiththenotionof man? s existence in this futile world. The playWaiting for Godot portrays an image of man? s existence, which evenafter60 yearsofitspublications seems quite real. Todaymanhas gained material advancement but inner triviality or fragility is still lurking upon his self. The play is a modern allegory of post-war man in a godless, dimensionless and meaningless world. recently Syrian Army attacked on Damascus suburb with chemical weapons, after the Nato? s attack on Yugoslavia and the suffrage in Iraque. Here the lines of W. B. Yeats seems quite applicable, when he says that Turning and turning inthewidening gyre, The falcon can not hear the falconer? Things fall apart;the center cannot hold, Mere anarchyis loosed upon theworld, The blood dimmed tide is loosed and everywhere, The ceremony ofinnocence is drowned. (The Second Coming) Theorizing the Absurd: Waiting for Godot SixtyYears After 32 Waiting for Godot formulates a definition of man that transcends the time. The plays that follow it are also pre-occupied with the feeling typical of our times. All that Fall (1959), a radio play, describes man? s frustration and absurdity. Kropp? s Last Tape (1958) is concerned with the perfect realization of Beckett?s idea of â€Å"human isolation. † Embers (1959) is a monologue of an old man who is haunted by the memory of the past and feels used, confused, and abused. Happy Days (1961) stages the irrationality of human existence without purpose and order. Beckett? s world bears a close resemblance to Camus? s world depicted in The Myth of Sisyphus. Universe suddenly divested of illusions and lights, man feels an alien, stranger. His exile is without remedysince he isdeprived of the memoryofa losthomeor the hopeofapromised land. Camus? s book appeared in 1942, i. e. , during the World War II. The development of the feeling ofthe absurd passesthroughfour stages: (1) First one recognizes the meaninglessness oflifewhichis shocking. Second isliving inconflict between intention(innervoice) andreality. Thethirdistheassumptionofheroic dimensions through living the conflictand makingithis God. The fourthand finalstage consists inthe conscious affirmationthatnothing happens in lifein reality. The sense ofanguish at the absurdityoflife is the theme oftheplays notonlyofSamuelBeckett, but ofAdamov, Ionesco and Genetalso. Asimilarsense ofthemeaninglessness oflifeisalso thetheme ofdramatists, like Sartreand Camus. Butthereis a difference. Thetheatreofthe Absurd abandonsrational devices whereasSartre and Camus expressthenewcontentinthe old convention. MartinEsslin comments on the plays of Beckett is apt, apposite, and appropriate: Beckett? s plays lack plot even more completely than otherworks of the Theatre of the Absurd. Instead of alinear development, they present their author? s intuition of the human coordination by a method thatis essentially polyphonic, they confront their audience with an organized structure of Lapis Lazuli -An International Literary Journal (LLILJ). 33 statements and images that interpenetrate each other and thatmust be apprehended in their totality, rather like the different themes in a symphony, whichgain meaning by their simultaneous interaction. (The Theatre of the Absurd: 44-45) Waiting for Godot is now recognized as a contemporary classic. It was written in 1948, since thenithas beentranslated into manylanguages and performed all over the world. Themost remarkable thingabouttheplayisitsunconventional design. Theplayis apparently haphazard. Butactually it isan extraordinarily powerfulplayin which form and meaning are skilfully blended. The coreofa good playis actionorhappenings, here the verypurpose oftheplayis to say that nothing happens -nothing really happens in human life. Waiting of Godot is thus a paradox. Itisa drama of inaction. Asmanisusually ignorantabout hisrealpurpose in life and he lives inhope ofsome revelationinfuture. We justhangaround waitinglike thetramps or rushmadly aboutlike Pozzo in search of some purpose. We try to get a purpose and orderinthat world whichsteadfastly refusesto evidence either. Waiting for Godot is having four characters, who are not four distinct personalities. They are rather generalized images of allâ€Å"mankind†(109) whichinLucky? s phrase, â€Å"isseento waste andpine wasteand pine† (73). Theyrepresent aview ofmanas a helpless victim of his life. Non-specific settings are a common feature of Beckett? s drama. The stage -space intheplayisabsolutelybare. â€Å"Itisindescribable. Itis likenothing. Thereis nothing. There is a tree† says Vladimir (117). Strange happenings (sudden rise of the moon, sprouting of leaves), strange characters and their irrational behaviour suggest abstract quality of this setting. The text describes itas void ornothing. Thewhole plot, whichis actuallyabsentmoves round thewaitingofthat personwhose identity, is evennotsure. Vladimirand EstragonwaitforGodot, whose arrivalissupposed butalways suspended as modernmanwhatever wishes to do or achieve, scattersinsilence. Now, united we Theorizing the Absurd: Waiting for Godot SixtyYears After 34 do notstand butfallinthisfutile world. Eventhoughtlessnesshasbecome the source oftrouble. Thefollowing discussionmade by Vladimir and Estragon beautifully designates it: We are in no danger of thinking any more†¦ Thinking is not theworst. What is terrible is to have thought. (1954: 62-63) Eventually the grace of Beckett? s Waiting for Godot pruned the modern man? s body and soul alike. Even after sixty years of its publication, we designate its significance and relevance both thematically and stylistically. Really whena manpassesthroughexcess deprivationand hopelessness, whether he commits suicide or tries to take revenge but absurdity even does not allows either. Works Cited Abrams, M. H. AGlossaryofLiteraryTerms. India:ThomsonBusinessInternationalIndiaPvt. Ltd. 2006. Print. Beckett, Samuel. WaitingforGodot. NewYork: Grave Press. 1954. Print. Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus. Harmondsworth: PenguinBooks. 1975. Print. Coleridge, S. T. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. India: Anmol Publication. 2009. Print. Esslin, Martin. The Theatre of the Absurd. New York:Doubleday. 1961. Print. Hebdige, Dick. Hiding inthe Light: On Images and Things. London: Routledge. 1988. Print. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. India: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. 2001. Print. Lapis Lazuli -An International Literary Journal (LLILJ) 35 Bio-note- Vijay Kumar Rai, Research Scholar,Dept. of English, DDU Gorakhpur University e-mail-Vijaykumar. [emailprotected] com.

Growing Up as an All-American Kid :: Personal Narrative Football Sports Essays

Growing Up as an All-American Kid Growing up is not an easy thing to do. You have no idea what is going on with your body, your emotions change at the drop of a hat, and you sometimes wonder what the point of life is. However, what you do know is that Mercer is planning a party after the game Friday night and you need to be there. This is the way I seem to remember high school when I think about it for a brief second. However, when I sit down and actually give it some thought, I realize that there is so much more about those years I have forgotten about--all of the little things that happened to everyone everyday and those major events that seemed to change my life. Everything that went into making us All-American kids. Growing up in a small mid-western town was exactly like a lot of people imagine it to be. The years kept passing by, but it seemed like nothing ever changed. We went to school, played sports, chased girls, worked on our friend’s father’s farms, and talked about how we couldn’t wait until we graduated so that we could finally move out. Even though we were growing up in a typical town and living typical high school lives, it seemed like so much more. No one cared about anything except what they were going to do that night and there wasn’t a thing anyone could do about it. We were young and alive. I think my football coach referred to it as, â€Å"Being full of piss and vinegar.† Maybe we were, and we might have bitched and moaned, but deep down inside I think we loved every minute of it. From proms and parties, secret crushes and that first kiss, to shooting pool and playing video games, there was always something going on. For me it was as simple as sitting on my best friend’s roof smoking a cigar in the middle of winter, or as difficult as hugging one of my best female friend’s on my front porch while she cried because she was seventeen years old and had just had an abortion. No one knew what was going to happen next, and I think that was part of what made life seem so invigo rating.

Development through the Implementation of Physical Activity to Patients Suffering from Mental Illness.

Introduction Efficient delivery of care is the essence of nursing. Being a successful nurse revolves around the capability to deliver care which contributes to the wellbeing of the patients (Barker, 2005). In exploring the efficient delivery of care to patients suffering from mental illness, this paper consists of two parts. Part One outlines the practical and theoretical aspects of my chosen Service Improvement Initiative, and Part Two focuses on my personal development plan. The Service Improvement Initiative outlines a plan that strives to create a healing environment through the use of mental and physical activities, from sports to board games as a means of providing nursing care to patients. Apart from the medical aspect of this initiative, I will also analyze the theoretical aspects of health care to determine the professional role of nurses in providing care and support that aims to contribute to the wellbeing of patients. Additionally, I intend to discuss the importance of harnessing leadership qualities, management and communication skills of nurses in order to provide high-quality patient care. Mental Health and Physical and Mind Activities In the course of my observations in a psychological ward for adolescents aged 10-17 years, I noticed that there are very little, if any, physical activities such as sports (table tennis, basketball, snooker, etc.). However, over the years, an overwhelming wealth of evidence from nursing practice and research has clearly demonstrated the benefits of such activities (Hainsworth, 2006). Researchers have established that physical activity promotes physical health and brings about physiological benefits (Department of Health, 2004b). For example, Benloucif (2004) found that daylight exercises significantly improve neurophysiological performance and sleep quality especially when they emphasize extensive duration rather than intensity. However, not only does physical activity lead to physiological benefits, but it can also generate psychological benefits such as empowerment of patients and reduction of boredom, which in turn improve clinical outcomes (Ainsworth, 2006). Another major benefit of physical activities in hospitals and wards is the creation of a social environment in which patients thrive (Frost, 2010). For example, physical activities allow service users to socialize and engage in light conversations without showing aggression towards each other (Briles, 2005). Over time, patients will learn the importance of effective communication with other people, the purpose of staying at the hospital/ward, as well as the advantages of participating in decision-making and different activities (Wilkes-Whitehall, 2004). This is particularly important for patients who are vulnerable and are in need of re-establishing their social skills in a controlled environment, such as adolescents suffering from mental illness. In fact, research has demonstrated that a warm and supportive social environment is an important factor in the etiology of mental illness, but also in the therapeutic healing process (Cohen, 2004). Physical activity, such as exercise and sports, has also been found to generally improve mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression and general wellbeing (Schmitz, 2004). According to Strohle (2009), sports and exercise can moderately reduce anxiety and depression in mentally ill persons. Martinsen (2008) has also demonstrated that some activities (e.g. resistance, aerobic) can prevent the risk of depression. Goodwin (2003) reported the low scores of depression among adolescents as a result of engaging in exercise. Drawing on a large sample of 8,098 adolescents and adults from the ages of 15-54, Goodwin (2003) found that individuals who regularly kept themselves physically active were less depressed. Other researchers (Penedo & Dahn, 2005) have further supported the claim that exercise may be associated with therapeutic benefit among individuals with major depressive disorder. Moreover, the majority of cross-sectional studies have showed that an improved cognitive performance is related to physical fitness (Callaghan, 2004). There are implications of these findings. For example, patients who frequently engage in physical activities may become much more open to considering alternative therapies and treatments. Aside from their physiological benefits, those who participated in this exercise-therapy also showed a generally more resilient and healthier psychological state. In fact, it is well-documented that physical activities and exercise are vital in strengthening self-image and self-esteem in all age groups, especially among children and middle-aged adults (Folkins & Sime, 1981). Research has demonstrated that people who participate in physical activity have an improved self-image (Elavsky et al., 2005). As self-image is an important factor in helping patients to be less vulnerable during social re-integration, clinical outcomes are improved. Additionally, Kirkcaldy, Shephard, and Siefen (2002) presented evidence that participating in physical exercises alleviates social withdrawal, low self-esteem, and depression which are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Taking the above-mentioned case studies as well as other relevant literature together, it is clear that there is considerable evidence showing that physical activity through exercise and sports is effective in improving the mental and physical conditions of mentally ill service users. These physical activities promote better life quality via boosting self-esteem, reducing anxiety, improving mood, sleep and resilience to stress (Ekeland et al, 2009). However, further research is still needed to identify the effective exercise regimes and feasible delivery modalities for patients with varying illnesses. It is advised that activities that are any way strenuous or too rigorous would not be suitable for mentally-ill patients with cardiovascular conditions. Also, in order to prevent any form of musculoskeletal injuries, the duration and intensity of exercises should be increased gradually. It is therefore clear that a full assessment of patients must be carefully done by the appropriate medical practitioner before such activities are implemented (Richardson, 2005). Prior to outlining the Service Improvement Initiative, I will first outline the theoretical aspects that need to be considered when implementing a new initiative, and how these can be applied in practical terms. Theoretical Aspects In order to implement a service improvement initiative and effectively manage the changes that ensue, a clear understanding of theoretical aspects must take place. In this paper, the theoretical aspects will be drawn from John Kotter’s model and Pender’s Theory of Health Promotion (1996). In the former model, Kotter’s eight distinct phases will be organized into three broad phases: 1) creating a climate for change; 2) engaging and enabling the whole organization; and 3) implementing and sustaining change (Campbell, 2008). In the latter model, an action can directly motivate the behaviour of others through an extensive and rigorous plan of commitment from which the expected benefits will result (Pender, 1996). This author will examine theoretical aspects such as change management; accountability and responsibility, leadership and management skills, and professional/inter-professional collaboration. The first phase will focus on the importance of urgency, the building of guiding teams and getting the vision right. In fact, it is particularly important that a multi-disciplinary team has a sense of urgency in achieving the programme’s aims. The team must possess four main skills as highlighted by Campbell (2008): up-to-date knowledge about the necessary changes, an ability to justify and add credibility to the changes, awareness of any relevant knowledge on the changes and a sense of leadership in carrying out the changes. Moreover, the vision of the team must be summarised into a short-statement that encapsulates the goals of the initiative. Thus, in the case of the service improvement initiative, it is pivotal that the team of nurses and other staff has exposure to the benefits of physical and mental activities. This can be achieved through a day of seminars given by external scholars and practitioners, as well as take-away booklets and handouts that emphasise the need fo r integrating physical activity into healthcare. The second phase involves communicating the proposed changes that will enable action to take place. On the communication of the proposed changes, it is vital that all individuals involved in the initiative are completely knowledgeable about the changes that are being proposed. There must be a constant dialogue among the people involved to ensure that all parties are kept in the loop (Campbell, 2008). In fact, a clear communication strategy is also important for raising sufficient funds for a server improvement initiative. In order to garner both emotional and financial support, it is imperative that the short-term and long-term benefits of a service improvement initiative are communicated. For example, in the case of the service-user initiative for improving physical activity, the importance of improving the patient experience and the overall clinical outcome needs to be emphasised. Finally, the third phase highlights the importance of keeping a momentum when implementing change By creating a drive and motivation amongst employees, it becomes necessary to ensure that change does not become institutionalized but is a forward-looking process (Campbell, 2008). According to Kotter, â€Å"culture change comes last.† In other words, when change has been successfully implemented for a certain period of time, that is when attitudes and opinions change. In light of this, one would expect that it would take a certain amount of time for the service user initiative to become rooted in the culture of the health-care community. Other important theoretical aspects that also need to be discussed include accountability and responsibility. It is important that each member of the multidisciplinary team, in particular the nursing staff, are vigilant in maintaining both accountability and responsibility. In this case, responsibility is equivalent to the duty of care in law. This applies to all nursing tasks, from simple things such as bathing a patient to complex ones such as surgery. There is a certain degree of risk in any nursing task. When practitioners accept responsibility to perform a task, they must ensure that they accomplish it with competence and at least to the accepted standard (Scrivener, 2011). Accountability is commonly defined as â€Å"an inherent confidence as a professional that allows a nurse to take pride in being transparent about the way he or she has carried out their practice† (Caulfield, 2005, p.24). This reflects the positive aspect of accountability and puts focus on the development and demonstration of competence in practice (Scrivener, 2011). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) states that all nurses are accountable for their own actions in practice. As the last few years have seen a rise in litigation for nurses (Diamond, 1995), accountability can be a source of anxiety for nurses. It is therefore imperative that nurses follow strict protocols and guidelines, verifying when unsure and being constantly alert to new situations and information. In relation to responsibility and accountability, according to the NMC, nurses must always ensure that they take complete responsibility for their actions, and always act in according to what is agreed with their patients, their families and carers, and in line with the laws of professional health bodies (Scrivener, 2011). Given these guidelines, in my service improvement initiative, I will ensure that the appropriate responsibility is handed to managers and nurses. Whilst the manager will be ultimately accountable and oversee and be the primary point of contact regarding the actions of the nurses and other staff, there will also be others responsible such as administrative staff. It is therefore essential that there are good management and leadership practices in place so that nurses should have to achieve the proper provision of health care. Another important theoretical aspect to consider is the importance of managing in order to achieve the goals of an organization. Thomas and Worley (2009) describe management as a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals. Similarly, Hersey and colleagues (2001) explained that management is a way of working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals. The researchers identified management as a special kind of leadership that concentrates on the achievement of organization goals. Koontz and Weihrich (2008) stated that management is the process of organizing and maintaining an environment in which individual working together in groups efficiently accomplishes selected goal or aims. In application to nursing profession, Sullivan and Decker (2011) define management as the abilities to plan, manage, organize and deliver care. It includes the process of discovering a good way of caring for patients. The goals of the service improvement initiative must therefore be clearly structured and outlined to ensure that both individuals and groups can work towards the initiative’s aims which are to improve the quality of patient care. Leadership may be defined as the ability to direct and influence the task or activities of the members of a group in its efforts to achieve certain objectives (Huczynski & Buchanan 2007). These authors further define leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts towards creating an environment focused on goal achievement. Mullins (2007) stated that leadership is a relationship through which one person influences the behavior or action of other people. According to Gopee and Galloway (2009), the key elements of leadership are leader’s personal characteristics, interpersonal relationships, team working and being a role model. They also identified four styles of leadership which include autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire and bureaucratic. In the context of nursing, Sullivan and Garland (2010) list many leadership and managerial skills required from a nurse. These skills range from the initiation and implementation of change, criti cal thinking, problem-solving, effective communication, time-management, appropriate delegation, budgeting and allocating resources and understanding power and politics. In the service improvement initiative, it is therefore important for nurses to acquire both leadership and management skills to be able to function effectively (Marquis and Huston, 2009). In fact, Barr and Dowding (2008) explained that management and leadership skills should be integrated in order to provide high-quality care to the patients. Finally, another critical element for a successful implementation of the service improvement initiative is a culture of â€Å"inter-professional collaboration†. The World Health Organization defines inter-professional collaboration as a process in which â€Å"multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, carers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care.† An expert panel of Inter-professional Education Collaborative (2011) defines inter-professional competencies in health care as â€Å"integrated enactment of knowledge, skills, and values/attitudes that define working together across the professions, with other health care workers, and with patients, along with families and communities, as appropriate to improve health outcomes in specific care contexts†. In the context of the service improvement initiative, a panel of inter-professionals will be involved from the first day to actual implementa tion to ensure that the highest quality of care is given to patients. The Service Improvement Initiative To improve the nursing services in the ward, I plan to execute a six-month program involving 10 adolescent patients from the ages of 10-17, from the psychological ward. Patients will be invited to partake in a range of physical activities, such as exercise and sports, as well as mind games. The overall aim of this initiative is to establish whether such activities have any effect on the behavior or wellbeing of patients. A secondary aim of the initiative is to explore various aspects of the delivery of care, taking into consideration the different theoretical aspects of the nursing practice. The budget will be need to be closely decided in liaison with the manager to ensure that there is sufficient funding for purchasing the sport equipment and the personnel for facilitating and monitoring physical activities. Although the programme is to be conducted in a normal hospital setting, funding will also need to be allocated for the services of the experts and all the administrative and logistical aspects of the initiative. Whilst as a nurse, I can initiate the set of activities for patients, I will need to draw on the assistance and expertise of other medical practitioners for the intervention to be successful. It will also be necessary to set up a multidisciplinary team that will aid in the implementation and completion of the initiative. Team members will be psychiatrists, physical therapists, mental health practitioners, and other experts. It is particularly important to draw on the expertise of a Physical Therapist as it is essential to determine the capabilities of mentally ill individuals when it comes to engaging in physical activities. Psychiatrists also play an important role in assessing the clinical outcomes of patients within a certain time-frame. Given previous research on the risks of physical activity for mentally ill patients (Richardson, 2005), careful considerations shall also be made to ensure that the types of physical activity will depend on the psychological condition of the patient and all physical activities will be limited to light exercise and light sports, such as table tennis. The assessment of the clinical outcomes of the service improvement initiative for adolescent patients will take place on a weekly basis. The assessment criteria will be decided by consulting experts and mental health practitioners. The amount of exercise given in the following week will then depend on the clinical results of the patients at the end of the week. This allows a continuous assessment of patient improvement. It is important to note that the proposed initiative may face a number of challenges. These challenges include the specific culture of a workplace in which some staff may oppose the change, funding costs, fear of increase in work load amongst nurses and a subsequent increase in staff anxiety level (Paton and McCalman, 200; Sharma, 2008). Professional Development Plan Introduction In this section, I will focus on one of the aspects of my personal development which I intend to concentrate on within the first six months of registration. In my personal development plan I will explore my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and write an action plan that is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely (SMART). Using the reflective tools and SWOT analysis (Appendix B), I have identified my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, One of the main areas of expertise where I see the weakness and where I would like to see improvements in my knowledge and abilities in the management of medications. Being a nurse does not only require clinical skills but also good leadership, management and communication skills that are learned from practice. Action Plan Administration of medicines is a key element of nursing care. Drug administration is one of the major parts of the nurse’s clinical role. Although doctors traditionally take control of prescribing medicines, a registered nurse does have primary responsibility in administering the correct dosage of medicines. Nurses are responsible regarding the preparation of medicine, verifying and checking appropriate medication, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and in certain cases, reporting any adverse drug reactions. Given research findings that patients do not always receive the correct medication at their drug rounds, nurses must be vigilant in ensuring appropriate medicine management (Andalo, 2006). However, there has been evidence that medicine management has not been given considerable priority by health care services, and that it is commonly excluded from pre-registration training or in practice (Snowden, 2011). The development of competency in medicine management requires an explicit academic component is present. This is particularly important given recent failures such as those highlighted in Francis Report (Wright, 2013). In this report, Robert Francis revealed the failure among nurses and healthcare assistants to feed patients and give them the basic elements of care such as dignity and respect. Initiatives to combat such behaviour in the future included holding nurses personally and criminally accountable, as well as holding hospital boards responsible should they fail to ensure that all patients are receiving high quality care (Wright, 2013). As I am a student who is in the transition period to a staff nurse, I am aware of the changing responsibilities and accountabil ity that are inherent to being a nurse. Personal Development Plan Nagelkerk (2005) highlights the importance of setting and identifying goals that are intrinsic to your personal development, as it allows you to reflect on your practice and also highlight your strengths and weaknesses, which gives you the opportunity to initiate and implement change. With this in mind, I plan to draw on Snowden’s â€Å"clusters on essential skills for medicine management†. This is relevant to the current service improvement initiative as it highlights the need for newly registered nurses to be completely briefed on patient history and able to responsible administer medicines (Snowden, 2011). Moreover, I will draw on the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time) bound framework to set a time scale for my action plan. I will also draw on Snowden’s clusters on essential skills for medicine management as it is a parsimonious model that allows me to evaluate educational needs and professional development. During the first month of the programme, I will ensure that I am completely knowledgeable of the commonly administered medicines that the patients are taking, their actions and side effects. I will do this by liaising with doctors and psychiatrists, and also attending weekly ward rounds. Within the second month, I intend to increase my confidence when it comes to managing my medication round effectively using the eight rights checklist: â€Å"right medication†, â€Å"right patient†, â€Å"right dose†, â€Å"right time†, â€Å"right date†, â€Å"right route†, â€Å"right preparation† and â€Å"right documentation† (Morgan, 2000). I will also develop my knowledge of pharmacology such as the interaction of medicines with different systems of the body. In the third and fourth months of training, I will build up my knowledge on the necessary techniques for administering medicine. I will attend a series of sessions on medicine management as well as observe trained professionals. This is in line with research that nurses must constantly build their body of knowledge and develop their professional skills (Burton & Ormrod, 2011). The fifth and sixth months will focus on the application of the knowledge I acquired. This is where safety management, administration and monitoring of drugs come in. I will practice my skills in ordering medication, their storage and disposal of used medication. I intend to keep a reflective diary about all that I learnt from my own experience and experience of colleagues. The support and assistance of an experienced professional is very important and vital for a newly qualified nurse to gain confidence and practice effectively (NMC, 2008). With the right support and guidance from experienced colleagues, I should be able to manage medications safely and effectively. This will greatly enhance my professional confidence. Having clearly identified my goals and assigned a time limit to achieve them will help me to monitor my progress. I will work hard to make sure that my goals are achievable within the clinical setting. Conclusion Over the course of this paper, it has become clear that the responsibilities of a newly registered nurse are vast. The transition from a student to a nurse is not without its challenges and requires continuous training, support and guidance. To ensure that I am progressing in my knowledge of nursing, I will constantly engage in evaluations and assessment of my learning. For example, I will verify my learning in accordance with the standards of the Nursing and Midwifery Council. APPENDIX A Service Improvement Activity Notification Proforma Details of service improvement project/activity: The main aim of the Service Improvement Initiative is to provide physical activity to mentally ill adolescents aged 10-17 years. The initiative will assess the clinical outcomes following the physical activity intervention, as well as the development of nursing skills needed for the efficient and effective delivery of care. Reason for development: Based on my observations in a psychological ward for adolescents aged 10-17 years, there are no opportunities to be involved in activities such as sports (darts, snooker, etc.). These activities are proven to provide multiple benefits to the service users, both in terms of physical fitness and mental health. Time spent on the project/activity: The program will take place over a span of six months. Resources used: There are a number of resources needed for this initiative. Resources include sufficient funding for paying for the services of team members and experts, as well as a range of sporting equipment, such as table tennis tables. Who was involved: A multidisciplinary team consisting of a group of nurses a physical therapist, psychiatrists, mental health practitioners, and other experts will be set up. Future plans: The initiative will be implemented in six (6) months. It is hoped that the program will become successful and beneficial for the service users and the multidisciplinary team. APPENDIX B Strengths  ·Good communication skills,  ·Good team player  ·Positive attitude  ·Good interpersonal skills  ·Motivated and enthusiastic  ·Responsible Weaknesses  ·Assertiveness  ·Medicine management skills  ·Professional boundary issues Opportunities  ·Access to training  ·Learning from other members of inter-professional team.  ·Education, development and research  ·Effective supervision  ·Effective feedbackThreats  ·Lack of time  ·Staff attitude on ward  ·Staff shortage  ·My inexperience APPENDIX C Objective 1. Improve my knowledge of medication management. Where I am now Insufficient knowledge about medication. Goal To become competent in medication management. Action plan Read British National Formulary Check NICE guidelines on medication Work with colleagues on the ward. Administering medication regularly with supervisionTime 2 weeks 1- week 1- week continuouslyEvaluation Self-evaluation and evaluation by experienced professionals 2. Develop good knowledge of NICE guidelines on medication and current government policies on medication.Insufficient knowledge of NICE on medication management.Competency and ability to practice independently.Read through NICE guidelines on medication (internet, Nursing publications) Administering medication regularly with supervision. 2-month.Self- evaluation and evaluation by experienced professionals 3. Attend training on medication. Insufficient knowledge of certain medicinesGood knowledge about drugs, their use, dosages and side effectsAttend training and seminars on medication 4-monthReflects on the experience gained, discuss with mentor 4. Develop confidence in ordering medication, organising its storage and disposal. Inadequate knowledgeAbility to practice with confidenceActively participate in the daily running of the ward 6-monthEvaluation by mentor and reflecting on practice REFERENCES Andalo, D. (2006). Medicines management in English care homes: a grim and chaotic picture. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 276, 198-199. Barker, P., (2005). The tidal model: A guide for mental health professionals. London: Routledge. Barr, J. & Dowding, L. (2008). Leadership and Healthcare. London: SAGE Publications Limited. Beebe, L. H., Tian, L., Morris, N., Goodwin, A., Allen, S. S., & Kuldau J. ( 2005) Effects of exercise on mental and physical health parameters of persons with schizophrenia. Ment Health Nurs, 26, 661-676. Benloucif, S. (2004). Morning or Evening Activity improves neuropsychological performance and subjective sleep quality in older adults. Sleep, 27(8), 1542-1550. Briles, J. (2005). Zapping Conflict Builds Better Teams. Nursing Times, 35(11), 32. Burton, R., & Ormrod, G. (2011) Nursing Times: Transition to Professional Practice. London: Oxford University Press. Callaghan, P. (2004). Exercise: A neglected intervention in mental healthJournal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11(4), 476-483. Campbell, R. J. (2008). Change Management in Health Care. The Health Care Manager, 27(1), 23–39. Caulfield H. (2005). Accountability. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 3. Cohen, S. (2004) Social Relationships and Health. American Psychologist, 59(8), 676–684. Daley, A. (2002). Exercise therapy and mental health in clinical populations: Is exercise therapy a worthwhile interventionAdvances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8, 262–270. doi:10.1192/apt.8.4.262 Department of Health (2004). Choosing Health: Making Healthy Choices. Diamond, B. (1995). Legal Aspects of Nursing. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall. Ekeland, E. (2009). Exercise to improve self-esteem in children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1. Elavsky S. et al., (2005). Physical Activity enhances long-term quality of Life in Older adults: Efficacy, Esteem, and Affective Influences. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 30(2), 138–145. Folkins, C. H, Sime, W E. (1981). Physical fitness training and mental health. American Journal of Psychology, 36, 373-389. Frost, S. (2010). What are the benefits of activities in nursing homesLivestrong Publications. Accessed March 21 2013 from: http://www.livestrong.com/article/151544-what-are-the-benefits-of-activities-in-nursing-homes/ Goodwin, R, D. (2003). Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. Preventive Medicine, 36(6), 698-703. Hainsowrth, T. (2006), The benefits of increasing levels of physical activity. Nursing Times, 102(20), 21. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. & Johnson, D. (2001). Management of Organisational Behaviour: Utilising Human Resources. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Gopee, N., & Galloway, J., Eds. (2009) Leadership and Management in Healthcare. London: SAGE Publications Limited. Huczynski, A., & Buchanan, D. A. (2010). Organisational behaviour. 7th Ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Inter-professional Education Collaborative Expert Panel (2011). Core competencies for inter-professional collaborative practice: Report of an expert panel. 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African American’s Homelessness

Johnson, looks at America's social system from the perspective of Socialists sociology. His book specifically examines â€Å"privilege† (p. ) in America. The author of this book acknowledges that he, himself, is privileged as a White, educated, and male. In contrast The Community of Self, written by Mall Saba's, addresses the Issue of people's psychology as It relates to ultra Issues.The book also gives a unique psychological view on the African- American communities. The author is coming from the prospective of an African American, male with a degree in physiology. With Johnny's, Privilege, Power, and Differences, I was able to link that concept back to why my husband's boss who cannot relate to him and will not help in furthering his career. His boss comes from a world of privilege and will not admit it. Both books really resonated with me; howeverI did not have the time I would have liked to study The Community of Self and will spend more time in the future reading It. Refe rences FYI only, www. Grammar. Com found 6 writing issues in your text Score: 63 of 100 (weak, needs revision) For more details see web site. Plagiarism Plagiarism checking Is turned off. To get Information on plagiarism, Ore-run the report with plagiarism detection turned on. Spelling Correction issue Accidentally confused words (1) SpellingCommonly confused words unknown words Grammar Issue use of articles (1 ) Conditional sentences use of conjunctions Modal verbs use of adjectives and adverbs Punctuation Punctuation within a clause (1) Closing punctuation Punctuation between clauses Run-on sentences and comma splices Special character punctuation Sentence Structure Sentence fragment Faulty parallelism Word order Style Check 3 issues Usage of colloquial speech (2) Wordiness (1) Improper formatting Outperform

G.K. Chestertons A Piece of Chalk

G.K. Chesterton's 'A Piece of Chalk' One of the most prolific British authors of the early 20th century, G.K. Chesterton is best known today for his novel The Man Who Was Thursday (1908) and his 51 short stories featuring the amateur detective Father Brown. In addition, he was a master of the essay     called the only literary form that confesses, in its very name, that the rash act known as writing is really a leap in the dark. The word essay comes from the French word essayer, meaning to try or attempt. In the preface to his essay collection Tremendous Trifles (1909), Chesterton encourages us to be ocular athletes: Let us exercise the eye until it learns to see the startling facts that run across the landscape as plain as a painted fence. In this fleeting sketch from that collection, Chesterton relies on two common items brown paper and a piece of chalk as starting points for some thought-provoking meditations. A Piece of Chalk I remember one splendid morning, all blue and silver, in the summer holidays when I reluctantly tore myself away from the task of doing nothing in particular, and put on a hat of some sort and picked up a walking-stick, and put six very bright-colored chalks in my pocket. I then went into the kitchen (which, along with the rest of the house, belonged to a very square and sensible old woman in a Sussex village), and asked the owner and occupant of the kitchen if she had any brown paper. She had a great deal; in fact, she had too much; and she mistook the purpose and the rationale of the existence of brown paper. She seemed to have an idea that if a person wanted brown paper he must be wanting to tie up parcels; which was the last thing I wanted to do; indeed, it is a thing which I have found to be beyond my mental capacity. Hence she dwelt very much on the varying qualities of toughness and endurance in the material. I explained to her that I only wanted to draw pictures on it, and th at I did not want them to endure in the least; and that from my point of view, therefore, it was a question, not of tough consistency, but of responsive surface, a thing comparatively irrelevant in a parcel. When she understood that I wanted to draw she offered to overwhelm me with note-paper. I then tried to explain the rather delicate logical shade, that I not only liked brown paper, but liked the quality of brownness in paper, just as I like the quality of brownness in October woods, or in beer. Brown paper represents the primal twilight of the first toil of creation, and with a bright-colored chalk or two you can pick out points of fire in it, sparks of gold, and blood-red, and sea-green, like the first fierce stars that sprang out of divine darkness. All this I said (in an off-hand way) to the old woman, and I put the brown paper in my pocket along with the chalks, and possibly other things. I suppose every one must have reflected how primeval and how poetical are the things that one carries in ones pocket; the pocket-knife, for instance, the type of all human tools, the infant of the sword. Once I planned to write a book of poems entirely about things in my pockets. But I found it would be too long, and the age of the great epics is past. With my stick and my knife, my chalks and my brown paper, I went out on to the great downs... I crossed one swell of living turf after another, looking for a place to sit down and draw. Do not, for heavens sake, imagine I was going to sketch from Nature. I was going to draw devils and seraphim, and blind old gods that men worshipped before the dawn of right, and saints in robes of angry crimson, and seas of strange green, and all the sacred or monstrous symbols that look so well in bright colors on brown paper. They are much better worth drawing than Nature; also they are much easier to draw. When a cow came slouching by in the field next to me, a mere artist might have drawn it; but I always get wrong in the hind legs of quadrupeds. So I drew the soul of a cow; which I saw there plainly walking before me in the sunlight; and the soul was all purple and silver, and had seven horns and the mystery that belongs to all beasts. But though I could not with a crayon get the best out of the landscape, it does not follow that the landscape was not getting the best out of me. And this , I think, is the mistake that people make about the old poets who lived before Wordsworth, and were supposed not to care very much about Nature because they did not describe it much. They preferred writing about great men to writing about great hills, but they sat on the great hills to write it. The gave out much less about Nature, but they drank in, perhaps, much more. They painted the white robes of their holy virgins with the blinding snow, at which they had stared all day. ...The greenness of a thousand green leaves clustered into the live green figure of Robin Hood. The blueness of a score of forgotten skies became the blue robes of the Virgin. The inspiration went in like sunbeams and came out like Apollo. But as I sat scrawling these silly figures on the brown paper, it began to dawn on me, to my great disgust, that I had left one chalk, and that a most exquisite and essential chalk, behind. I searched all my pockets, but I could not find any white chalk. Now, those who are acquainted with all the philosophy (nay, religion) which is typified in the art of drawing on brown paper, know that white is positive and essential. I cannot avoid remarking here upon a moral significance. One of the wise and awful truths which this brown-paper art reveals, is this, that white is a color. It is not a mere absence of color; it is a shining and affirmative thing, as fierce as red, as definite as black. When, so to speak, your pencil grows red-hot, it draws roses; when it grows white-hot, it draws stars. And one of the two or three defiant verities of the best religious morality, of real Christianity, for example, is exactly this same thing; the chief assertion of religious morality is that white is a color. Virtue is not the absence of vices or the avoidance of moral dangers; virtue is a vivid and separate thing, like pain or a particular smell. Mercy does not mean not being cruel, or sparing people revenge or punishment; it means a plain and positive thing like the sun, which one has either seen or not seen. Chastity does not mean abstention from sexual wrong; it means something flaming, like Joan of Arc. In a word, God paints in many colors; but he never paints so gorgeously, I had almost said so gaudily, as when He paints in white. In a sense our age has realized this fact, and expressed it in our sullen costume. For if it were really true that white was a blank and colorless thing, negative and non-committal, then white would be used instead of black and grey for the funereal dress of this pessimistic period. Which is not the case. Meanwhile, I could not find my chalk. I sat on the hill in a sort of despair. There was no town near at which it was even remotely probable there would be such a thing as an artists colorman. And yet, without any white, my absurd little pictures would be as pointless as the world would be if there were no good people in it. I stared stupidly round, racking my brain for expedients. Then I suddenly stood up and roared with laughter, again and again, so that the cows stared at me and called a committee. Imagine a man in the Sahara regretting that he had no sand for his hour-glass. Imagine a gentleman in mid-ocean wishing that he had brought some salt water with him for his chemical experiments. I was sitting on an immense warehouse of white chalk. The landscape was made entirely of white chalk. White chalk was piled more miles until it met the sky. I stooped and broke a piece of the rock I sat on: it did not mark so well as the shop chalks do, but it gave the effect. And I stood there in a trance of pleasure, realizing that this Southern England is not only a grand peninsula, and a tradition and a civilization; it is something even more admirable. It is a piece of chalk.